This is a research guide based on cited documentation. It is not a report of firsthand testing. Our editorial method

The compatibility table

Each cell comes from the vendor download, system requirements or help pages listed below. Where a vendor page does not mention a platform, the cell says so rather than guessing.

PlatformBitwarden1PasswordNordPass
WindowsInstaller, portable app, Microsoft Store, Chocolatey64-bit Windows 10 or laterWindows 10 and up
macOSInstaller (.dmg) or App StoremacOS Monterey 12 or latermacOS 13 and up
LinuxAppImage, Snap, Flatpak, .deb, .rpm64-bit x86 or ARM, glibc 2.31+; Debian 11+, Ubuntu 20.04+ (18.04+ via Snap), Fedora 32+, CentOS 9+, RHEL 9+; .deb, .rpm, AUR, tar.gz, Snap, FlathubAny 64-bit system that supports snap
iOS and iPadOSApp Store; release note lists iOS 15 or higheriOS or iPadOS 18 or lateriOS 18.0 and up
AndroidGoogle Play or F-Droid; release note lists Android 10 or higherVersion 12 or later, Google Play Store requiredAndroid 9.0 and up
ChromeOSNot listed separately on the download pageNot listed on the system requirements pageExtension only
ChromeYesChrome 140 or laterTwo latest major versions (and Chromium-based browsers)
FirefoxYesFirefox 140 or laterTwo latest major versions
SafariYesSafari 18.6 or later on macOS Ventura 13+Two latest major versions; Mac only
EdgeYesEdge 140 or laterTwo latest major versions
BraveYesBrave 1.82.0 or laterListed in the autofill article; Chromium-based
OperaYesNot listedTwo latest major versions
OthersVivaldi, DuckDuckGo, TorNot listedAny Chromium-based browser
Web vaultvault.bitwarden.com1Password.comWeb Vault
Command lineAvailable; listed on the download pagemacOS Big Sur 11+, Windows, Linux; subscription requiredWindows x64/arm64, macOS Intel/Apple Silicon, Linux x86_64/aarch64
OfflineRead-only cached vault while logged in (not logged out)Available offline for a while after syncingOffline Mode: view and copy only

Quick answers to the one-off questions

  • Does 1Password work on Linux? Yes, with packages for Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, RHEL, CentOS and openSUSE, an Arch AUR package, and a tar.gz build for ARM. 1Password says its Linux app requires a 1Password membership.
  • Does NordPass work on a Raspberry Pi or ARM Linux laptop? Its operating system page says NordPass does not support 32-bit systems or ARM-based processors; the separate CLI is the exception, with aarch64 and arm64 builds.
  • Does Bitwarden work on Firefox? Yes; Firefox is one of nine browsers on its download page.
  • Does NordPass work in Safari on iPhone? The Safari extension is Mac only; on iPhone, NordPass autofill works in mobile apps and browsers rather than through a Safari extension.
  • Does 1Password work with Opera? Opera is not on its supported browser list, so treat it as unsupported.
  • Does any of them work on a Chromebook? NordPass explicitly supports ChromeOS through the extension only. Bitwarden and 1Password do not list ChromeOS on the pages we reviewed.
  • Can NordPass fill passwords into desktop programs or games? No. NordPass says autofill does not work in desktop applications.

Offline access: what actually happens

Bitwarden caches a copy of your encrypted vault on the device as long as you stay logged in. Locking keeps that copy; logging out clears it, so after a logout you need a connection again. Bitwarden describes offline access as read-only, and its 2022 blog post says offline sessions expire after 30 days (90 on mobile), so check current behaviour if you rely on long offline periods.

1Password says that once everything has synced, your data will be available even if you go offline for a bit. It does not publish a time limit on that page.

NordPass Offline Mode lets you view and copy entries but not edit, delete or add them. You must already be logged in to your Nord Account. NordPass lists cases where offline mode is unavailable for business users, for example if the organization has disabled it.

Gotchas by platform

  • Bitwarden on Linux: only Snap and Flatpak update automatically; the AppImage does not. Flatpak desktop biometrics need a Polkit policy installed by hand, and secure storage needs libsecret on the Snap, Flatpak, .deb and .rpm builds.
  • Bitwarden on Android via F-Droid: Bitwarden warns push notifications for live sync will not work, so you must sync manually.
  • 1Password Snap and Flathub builds: 1Password says they do not support integrations such as system authentication, the SSH agent, or locking and unlocking the browser extension from the app. The Snap only supports x86, and the Flathub release is not maintained by 1Password.
  • 1Password CLI on Linux: app integration needs PolKit and a running PolKit authentication agent.
  • NordPass on Linux: after sudo snap install nordpass, NordPass says to install gnome-keyring and libsecret-1-dev so dependencies are present.
  • NordPass on Safari: install from the Mac App Store, then enable it in Safari Settings, Extensions and choose Always Allow on Every Website.
  • NordPass on Chrome: the extension named NordPass (legacy) stops working on January 1, 2027; switch to NordPass Password Manager and Digital Vault.
  • 1Password on Windows: the MSIX installer needs Windows 10 20H1 or later.

How to choose if one platform decides it

If you run Linux on ARM, 1Password is the only one of the three whose Linux app documentation, among the pages we reviewed, explicitly covers ARM; NordPass says its apps do not support ARM-based processors. If you use a less common browser such as Vivaldi, DuckDuckGo or Tor, Bitwarden is the only one that lists them. If you need to edit entries while offline, none of the three documents that. If you are on an older phone, NordPass supports Android 9.0 and up, while 1Password requires version 12 or later and iOS 18. Bitwarden lists the lowest iOS requirement, but that figure comes from a release note, so confirm in the App Store.

Questions before you decide

How does Linux support differ between the three?

It depends on your setup. Bitwarden offers five Linux package formats, 1Password supports x86 and ARM with official .deb and .rpm repositories, and NordPass needs a 64-bit distribution with snap.

Can I use a password manager without internet?

Yes, for reading. Bitwarden keeps a read-only cached vault while you stay logged in, 1Password keeps synced data available offline, and NordPass Offline Mode lets you view and copy but not edit.

Does NordPass work on a Chromebook?

NordPass says ChromeOS currently supports only the NordPass browser extension, not a full app.

What is the minimum iPhone version for 1Password and NordPass?

1Password 8 requires iOS or iPadOS 18 or later, and NordPass lists iOS 18.0 and up.

Sources & verification

Product details and prices can change. Check the linked provider before buying.

  1. Bitwarden: download apps Accessed 30 Oct 2026
  2. Bitwarden: desktop app feature support Accessed 30 Oct 2026
  3. Bitwarden: native mobile apps release Accessed 30 Oct 2026
  4. Bitwarden blog: configuring Bitwarden clients for offline access (May 18, 2022) Accessed 30 Oct 2026
  5. 1Password: system requirements Accessed 30 Oct 2026
  6. 1Password: install 1Password on Linux Accessed 30 Oct 2026
  7. 1Password: sync your 1Password data Accessed 30 Oct 2026
  8. 1Password developer docs: get started with 1Password CLI Accessed 30 Oct 2026
  9. NordPass: operating systems that support NordPass Accessed 30 Oct 2026
  10. NordPass: installing the desktop app on Linux Accessed 30 Oct 2026
  11. NordPass: how to install NordPass CLI Accessed 30 Oct 2026
  12. NordPass: how to use Offline Mode Accessed 30 Oct 2026
  13. NordPass: what is autofill and how does it work Accessed 30 Oct 2026
  14. NordPass: set up the NordPass extension on desktop Accessed 30 Oct 2026
  15. NordPass: legacy Chrome extension is retiring Accessed 30 Oct 2026

Sources link directly to providers. Product buttons may use separately labeled affiliate links. Read our disclosure.

Your decision at a glance

Compare the options

Full comparison

Documentation-based guidance. No tested ranking or performance score.

Password manager

Bitwarden

Consider it for
Free personal vault with unlimited storage and any-device access. Pay only if emergency access, TOTP, or six-seat family sharing is the actual job.
Starting cost
Free $0. Premium $1.65/mo billed annually at $19.80. Families $3.99/mo billed annually at $47.88 for six users. Recaptured 21 Sep 2026 and rechecked unchanged 29 Oct 2026 from https://bitwarden.com/pricing/. USD; taxes not included.
Before you choose
Free does not include emergency access or the integrated authenticator. This publication has not tested the apps.

Checked 29 Oct 2026 · Pricing source

View Bitwarden plans

Direct provider link; no affiliate tracking added by this publication. Link disclosure

Password manager

NordPass

Consider it for
Paid personal and six-seat family plans. This is the issued affiliate option on Password Managers Compared.
Starting cost
Free $0 lifetime, 1 user, no multi-device access. Premium $37.53 for the first 27 months ($1.39/mo displayed), 1 user; Family $67.23 for the first 27 months ($2.49/mo displayed), 6 users; 30-day money-back listed. Rechecked 29 Oct 2026 on https://nordpass.com/plans/ (2-year tab). Prices exclude VAT.
Before you choose
Intro invoices are not renewal prices. Confirm the live checkout amount. This publication has not tested the apps.

Checked 29 Oct 2026 · Pricing source

View NordPass plans

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Password manager

1Password

Consider it for
A password manager with Individual and Families plans. Compare the household's sharing and recovery needs with the selected plan's terms.
Starting cost
Individual $2.99/mo paid annually for the first year (new customers on 1Password.com; regular annual rate $3.99/mo) or $4.99/mo billed monthly; Families $4.49/mo paid annually for the first year (regular $5.99/mo) or $7.99/mo billed monthly; 14-day free trial listed. Rechecked 29 Oct 2026 from https://1password.com/product/password-manager. App-store billing is excluded from the first-year promo.
Before you choose
App-store billing is excluded from the listed first-year promo. This publication has not tested 1Password.

Checked 29 Oct 2026 · Pricing source

View 1Password plans

Direct provider link; no affiliate tracking added by this publication. Link disclosure